Article information
Abstract
Introduction
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most prevalent and incident tumor in the world, being sun exposure the most important risk factor. Childhood and adolescence are the periods where sun exposure is greatest. An intervention to modify sun-related behaviours is essential for skin cancer prophylaxis.
Material and methodsWe carried out a quasi-experimental study on a school population of Granada with ages ranging from 11-12 years. The control and study groups completed a questionnaire prior to the intervention with educational program and thereafter. We performed a random conglomerate sampling of 628 teenagers. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mc Nemar and Wilcoxon tests.
ResultsAfter the intervention, the study group showed marked improvement in the results concerning knowledge about sun exposure and skin (OR=2.89), sun exposure and environment (OR=2.23), and sun exposure and health (OR=1.4) as well as in attitudes and healthy behaviour regarding sun exposure (OR=4.2). This difference was statistically significant compared to the control group.
Conclusions1. Before planning a campaign for primary prophylaxis of skin cancer it is necessary to know the information and knowledge of the target population. 2. The risk of acute, intermittent sun exposure and the use of different means of photoprotection should be stressed. 3. In our study group the rate of sun burn has decreased.
Key words:
primary prophylaxis
skin cancer
pupils
teenagers
Resumen
Introducción
El cáncer de piel melanoma y no-melanoma es el tumor más prevalente y más frecuente en el mundo, la exposición solar es el factor de riesgo más importante. La infancia y la adolescencia es el periodo de la vida en el cual la exposición solar es mayor. La intervención para modificar hábitos ante el sol es fundamental para la prevención del cáncer cutáneo.
Material y métodosRealizamos un estudio cuasiexperimental sobre una población escolar de Granada capital de 11 y 12 años con un test previo a casos y controles, intervención con programa educativo a grupo de casos y test posterior a ambos grupos. Muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Cuestionario autocumplimentado. Muestra de 628 adolescentes de colegios e institutos de Granada. Estadístico utilizado: Test de Mc Nemar y Wilcoxon.
ResultadosTras la intervención, el grupo de casos mejoraba ampliamente los resultados tanto en conocimientos sobre sol y piel (OR=2,89), sol y medio ambiente (OR=2,23) y sol y salud (OR=1,4) como en actitudes y conductas sanas con respecto al sol, (OR=4,2), siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa, frente al grupo control.
ConclusionesAntes de planificar una campaña de prevención primaria de cáncer de piel es necesario saber los conocimientos y comportamientos de la población a la que se dirige. En segundo lugar se debe insistir en el riesgo de la exposición solar intermitente aguda y en el uso de los diferentes medios de fotoprotección. Por último hay que señalar que en el grupo de nuestro estudio ha disminuido la frecuencia de quemadura solar.
Palabras clave:
prevención primaria
cáncer de piel
escolares
adolescentes
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