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Vol. 100. Issue 2.
Pages 113-120 (March 2009)
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Vol. 100. Issue 2.
Pages 113-120 (March 2009)
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Prolonged Complete Clinical Remission in Patients With Severe Pemphigus Vulgaris After Cycles of Intravenous Cyclophosphamide
Remisión Clínica Completa Prolongada en Pacientes con Pénfigo Vulgar Grave Después del Tratamiento con Ciclos Intravenosos de Ciclofosfamida
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A. Españaa,
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aespana@unav.es

Correspondence: Agustín España Alonso. Departamento de Dermatología. Clínica Universitaria de Navarra. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra. Apartado 4209, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
, C. Panizob, S. Fernándezc, M. Marquinaa, M. Pretela, L. Aguadoa, A. Sánchez-Ibarrolad
a Departamento de Dermatología, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
b Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
c Departamento de Otorrinolaringología, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
d Departamento de Inmunología, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Abstract
Background

Corticosteroids are the systemic treatment of choice in patients with pemphigus vulgaris, but chronic administration is associated with side effects. Intravenous treatment with cyclophosphamide can improve the clinical signs of pemphigus vulgaris.

Material and methods

We prospectively studied 8 patients diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris. Six of these had mucocutaneous pemphigus vulgaris and 2 had mucosal pemphigus vulgaris. Treatment consisted of 10 cycles of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10-15 mg/kg separated by 15 days, while maintaining the initial corticosteroid and immunosuppressant dose. Clinical efficacy was assessed and the anti-epidermal intercellular substance (EIS) and anti-desmoglein (DSG) 3 and 1 antibody titers were monitored (by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively).

Results

All patients with pemphigus vulgaris responded excellently to treatment. Five of the 8 patients achieved complete remission of pemphigus lesions after 10 cycles of cyclophosphamide. In the other 3 patients, the skin lesions disappeared a few weeks after the last cycle of cyclophosphamide. A substantial reduction in immunosuppressant dose was possible in all patients. Furthermore, an improved immunologic response was observed in all cases after cyclophosphamide treatment, with decreased anti-DSG1 and anti-DSG3 antibody titers and well as decreased circulating anti-EIS antibody titers. During the mean 15.1 month follow-up (range, 1-25 months), no new lesions appeared and no side effects of cyclophosphamide therapy were reported.

Conclusions

Fortnightly cycles of intravenous cyclophosphamide may be a useful therapeutic option in patients with severe pemphigus vulgaris. A reduction of corticosteroid dose was possible with this therapeutic approach and the cumulative cyclophosphamide dose was lower than with daily oral administration. Our findings also show that the therapeutic approach induces clinical and immunologic remission in most patients.

Key words:
autoantibodies
cyclophosphamide
desmoglein
immunosuppressants
pemphigus vulgaris
Resumen
Introducción

Los corticosteroides son el tratamiento sistémico de elección en los pacientes con pénfigo vulgar (PV). Su administración crónica produce efectos secundarios. La administración de ciclofosfamida (CF) intravenosa puede mejorar las manifestaciones clínicas del PV.

Material y método

Estudiamos prospectivamente 8 pacientes diagnosticados de PV. Seis de los pacientes presentaban PV cutáneo-mucoso (PVCM) y 2 casos PV mucoso (PVM). El tratamiento consistió en 10 ciclos quincenales de CF en dosis de 10-15 mg/kg, manteniendo la dosis inicial de corticosteroides y de inmunosupresor. Se evaluó la eficacia clínica y la evolución del título de anticuerpos anti-sustancia intercelular epidérmica (SIE) (inmunofluorescencia indirecta) y específicamente anti-desmogleína (Dsg) 1 y 3 (ELISA).

Resultados

Todos los pacientes con PV presentaron una excelente respuesta al tratamiento. Cinco de los 8 pacientes presentaron una remisión completa de las lesiones de PV después de los 10 ciclos de CF. En los otros 3 pacientes las lesiones cutáneas desparecieron unas semanas después del último ciclo de CF. En todos los pacientes se redujo de forma importante la dosis de inmunosupresores. Además, en todos los casos se observó una mejoría en la respuesta inmunológica después del tratamiento con CF, con disminución en el título de anticuerpos frente a las Dsg 1 y 3, así como del título de anticuerpos circulantes frente a la SIE. Tras un seguimiento medio de 15,1 meses (1-25 meses) ningún paciente ha presentado nuevas lesiones de PV. A su vez, no se han observado efectos secundarios por la CF.

Conclusiones

La administración de pulsos quincenales de CF intravenosa puede ser una opción terapéutica útil en pacientes con PV grave. Este esquema terapéutico permite disminuir la dosis de corticosteroides con una menor dosis acumulada de CF que en la administración oral diaria. Además, nuestros resultados muestran que este esquema terapéutico se acompaña de una remisión clínica e inmunológica en la mayoría de los pacientes.

Palabras clave:
autoanticuerpos
ciclofosfamida
desmogleína
fármacos inmunosupresores
pénfigo vulgar
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Copyright © 2009. Academia Española de Dermatología y Venereología and Elsevier España, S.L.
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